1. It is haraam to have sexual intercourse with a woman while she is menstruating. Allah says:
“They ask you concerning menstruation. Say it is filth, so keep away from women during their menses, and do not go unto them until they are clean (from menses). And when they have purified themselves, then approach them as Allah has ordained for you (approach them in any manner as long as it is in the vagina). Allah loves those who turn unto Him in repentance, and loves those who purify and clean themselves.”
[Al-Baqara:222]
This prohibition continues until the blood of the menstruation stops and she takes her ritual bath. Allah says:
“And do not go unto them until they are clean (from menses). And when they have purified themselves, then approach them as Allah has ordained for you.”
It is permissible for a husband to have sexual pleasure with her as long as he does not have sex with her. This is because of the Prophet (peace be upon him) said, ‘Do everything except have sex with her.’
[Narrated by Muslim]
2. The menstruating woman must not fast or perform prayers during the time of her menstruation – she is not permitted to do these things, and if she does it is not valid.
Once the woman has finished her period and has purified herself, she must make up the days of fasting that she missed, although she does not make up her prayer.
This is proved by the statement of Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her),
‘When we use to menstruate during the time of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), we were ordered to make up our fasts and we were not ordered to make up our prayers.’
[Bukhaari & Muslim]
The difference between the two, and Allah knows best, the prayer is performed regularly, the woman would face difficulty and hardships if she had to make up the prayers she missed, unlike fasting which is obligatory (compulsory) less frequently.
3. The menstruating woman is not allowed to touch the Quran, unless it has a cover on it. Allah says:
“Which the (Quran) none can touch but the purified ones.”
[Al-Waqi’ah:79]
As for the ruling regarding reading the Quran without touching Mushaf, the Scholars have differed, although the safest opinion is that she should not read the Quran unless it be out of necessity, for example, if she fears she will forget some verses, and Allah knows best.
4. It is haraam for a menstruating women to perform tawaaf around the house of Allah (the Ka’ba). The Prophet (peace be upon him) said to Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her),
‘Do everything the pilgrim does, but do not perform tawaaf of the House until you have purified yourself.’
[Bukhaari & Muslim]
5. It is haraam for the menstruation women to stay in the Masjid. The Prophet (peace be upon him) said:
‘Surely, I do not permit the Masjid for the menstruating woman or the one who is in janaba (unclean from sexual intercourse).’
[Abu Dawud]
It is permissible (allowed) for her to pass through the Masjid. Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) said:
‘The Messenger of Allah said: Give me the mat which is in the Masjid,” So I replied, “I am menstruating.” He said: “Your menses is not in your hand.’”
[Bukhaari]
There is no harm if the menstruating woman says Islamic invocations, including the glorification of Allah, praising Allah and supplications (dua). There is also no harm if she reads books of Islamic knowledge, including Tafseer, Hadeeth and Fiqh.
SOURCE:
Al-Fauzan, S. F. (Dr.). 2001. Rulings Pertaining To Muslim Women. Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Saudi Arabia.
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